A String of cyber attacks on major US media outlets has intensified worries over Chinese hackers, who analysts say are probably linked to the secretive Beijing government.
The attacks, part of a series of incidents traced to Chinese servers associated with previous intrusions, underscore an urgent need for Washington to pressure Beijing to rein in its digital warriors, experts say.
Other security professionals argue it is hard to be certain the attacks stem from China or that the hackers acted at the behest of the government.
Last week the Times and Wall Street Journal reported that their computer networks had been compromised, and alleged it was an effort by the Chinese government to spy on news media operating in the country.
On Friday Twitter said it, too, had been hit with a sophisticated cyber attack. It did not name the suspected source but said the infiltration was similar to those suffered by big news media.
And on Saturday, The Washington Post disclosed that in 2011 it too had been targeted in a cyber attack and suspected Chinese hackers were behind it.
James Lewis, cyber security specialist at US thinktank the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said there is evidence that backs the allegations of Chinese government involvement.
Hackers from China have previously been linked to attacks on US defense giant Lockheed-Martin, Google and Coca-Cola. Other reports say Chinese hackers have tried to infiltrate the Pentagon's computers and those of US lawmakers.
"The Chinese don't play by the rules that the rest of the world plays by," Lewis said. "That's partly because they don't understand them and partly because they don't value them."
Lewis said the level of attacks is "reaching an intolerable level" and will force a US government response that goes beyond words.
The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday that in his coming book, Google chairman Eric Schmidt brands China an internet menace that sanctions cyber crime for economic and political gain.
"The New Digital Age" is authored by Schmidt in a collaboration with Jared Cohen, a former US State Department advisor who heads a Google Ideas think tank. The book is due for release in April.
The authors reportedly brand China "the world's most active and enthusiastic filterer of information" and "the most sophisticated and prolific" hacker of foreign companies.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said there has been an increase in hacking attacks on both state institutions and private companies.
"We have to begin making it clear to not only the Chinese... that the United States is going to be having to take actions to protect not only our governments but our private sector from this kind of illegal intrusion," she said.
Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at British security firm Sophos, said news media had not considered themselves likely targets of attacks until now.
He said that if the recent reports are accurate, the goal is likely "to track who the journalists may be meeting and take actions against those people".
This typically involves "a long-term undercover effort" where hackers seek to prowl computer systems unnoticed.
Cluley said that even if the source of attacks is confirmed, "it's very hard to neutralize" because hackers can simply move. "Do you want to knock an entire country off the Internet?"
China's defense ministry reiterated comments this week that it "never supported any hacking attacks".
Ryan Sherstobitoff, a researcher with the security firm McAfee, said that "it's hard to pinpoint the origin" of the attacks because computer traffic can be routed through various locations.
But he said the overwhelming majority of computer infiltrations come from employees mistakenly opening booby-trapped email attachments faked to appear as if it came from a colleague.
This technique, known as "spear phishing," ends up installing malware that can remain on a network and allow hackers to view or control data.
"There is certainly a rise in the numbered of these targeted attacks," Sherstobitoff said.
The Times said hackers stole corporate passwords and targeted the computers of 53 employees, in response to the newspaper's investigation into the vast wealth amassed by a top Chinese leader's family.
The newspaper said Bloomberg News was also targeted by Chinese hackers. And the Beijing correspondent of Canada's Globe and Mail newspaper said he had been hacked in 2011 in an effort to find China-related files.
Jody Westby, a cybersecurity consultant and adjunct faculty member at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said the attacks "shine a glaring spotlight on the inadequacies of US diplomacy in addressing cyber threats."
Andrew Mertha, a Cornell University specialist on China, said the cyber spying highlights Beijing's awkward efforts to extend its global influence.
