APPLE'S ring-shaped, gleaming "Spaceship Headquarters" will include a world class auditorium and an orchard for engineers to wander. Google's new Bay View campus will feature walkways angled to force accidental encounters. Facebook, while putting final touches on a Disney-inspired campus including a Main Street with a BBQ shack, sushi house and bike shop, is planning an even larger, more exciting new campus.
More than ever before, Silicon Valley firms want their workers at work.
Yahoo chief executive Marissa Mayer has gone so far as to ban working from home, and many more offer prodigious incentives for coming in to the office, such as free meals, massages and gyms.
This US spring, as the tech industry soars out of the great recession, plans are in the works for a flurry of massive, perk-laden headquarters. "We're seeing the mature technology companies trying to energise their work environments, getting rid of cube farms and investing in facilities to compete for talent," said Kevin Schaeffer, a principal at architecture and design firm Gensler in San Jose. "That's caused a huge transition in the way offices are laid out."
New Silicon Valley headquarters or expansions are under way at most of the area's major firms, including eBay, Intel, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Netflix, Nvidia and Oracle. Many will be huge: Apple's 71ha campus will be one of the world's largest workplaces. On the outside, many of the new buildings boast striking architectural designs and will collectively be among the most environmentally friendly in the country. Inside, there are walls you can draw on, ping pong tables, Lego stations, gaming arcades and free haircuts.
Critics say that while some workplace perks and benefits are a good thing, the large, multi-billion-dollar corporate headquarters are colossal wastes of money that snub the pioneering technology these firms actually create.
"Companies led by older management tend to be very controlling, but when I look at people in the 20s or 30s, they're totally capable of working on their own and being productive," said Kevin Wheeler, whose Future of Talent Institute researches and consults on human resources for Silicon Valley businesses.
"To have artificial structures that require everybody to be in the office at certain hours of the day is simply asinine."
Mr Wheeler said he thought Yahoo called everyone back to work "because they had gotten into a culture of laziness", and that the firm would probably ease the restrictions soon.
Yahoo was, in fact, an early model of Silicon Valley's happy workplace culture, touting their espresso bar and inspirational speakers as a method of inspiring passion and originality. Today yoga, cardio-kickboxing and golf classes at the office, as well as discounts to ski resorts and theme parks, help it get top ratings as one of America's happiest workplaces.
Companies say extraordinary campuses are necessary to recruit and retain top talent and to spark innovation and creativity.
And there are business benefits and financial results for companies that keep their workers happy. The publicly traded 100 Best Companies To Work For in America consistently outperform major stock indices and have more qualified job applicants and higher productivity, according to the San Francisco-based Great Place to Work Institute. That may not always be obvious, however.
"People do work really, really hard here," Facebook spokesman Slater Tow said as an engineer glided past a row of second-floor conference rooms on a skateboard. "They have to be passionate about what they do. If they're not, we would rather someone who is."
He points out the Jumbotron frame for outdoor movies, the Nacho Royale taqueria, a bank branch with tellers standing by, an artist in residence. Traditional benefits are part of the Silicon Valley packages as well. Facebook offers free train passes, a shuttle to work, a month of paid holidays, full health care and stock options.
Facebook staffers are welcome to stop by and play in Ben Barry's Analog Research Laboratory, a large, sunlit studio with laser cutters, woodworking tools, a letter press machine and silk screening supplies. "I believe if people feel they can control their environment, that leads to a greater sense of ownership over the product," Mr Barry said.
About 10km north at Google's headquarters, workers on one of more than 1000 Google-designed bikes rolled from one building to another. Others stepped into electric cars, available for free checkouts if someone had an errand. In one office, two young engineers enjoyed a beer and played pool.
Google doesn't want its Googlers to have to worry about distractions in their life. Concerned about the kids? Childcare is on campus. Need to shop and cook? Have the family dine at Google. Dirty laundry piling up? Bring it in to the office. Bring Fido too, so he doesn't get lonely. There's a climbing wall, nap pods, a bowling alley, multiple gyms, a variety of healthy cafes, mini kitchens, and classes on anything from American sign language to public speaking. In a shared, community garden, Googlers plant seeds, knowing that if they get too busy, a landscaper will pull their weeds.
The company has no policy requiring people to be at work. But officials say Googlers want to come in.
Mr Wheeler said the mega-complexes being built today would be hard to staff 10 years from now, and that the next era would see smaller spaces where staff were responsible for meeting achievements and objectives, and had flexibility about when they came in. "When you look at how some of these companies operate, they're in effect sweat shops ... They want 80, 90, 100 hours of work," he said.
"In order to even make that tolerable, of course you have to offer haircuts and food and places to sleep or else people would have to go home."
