Pneumatic actuator is a device which converts the energy from a compressed air supply into linear or rotary motion. There are a wide range of actuators available to carry out numerous functions in different areas with utmost precision and efficiency.
A pneumatic actuator is a device that transforms the energy from a compressed air supply into mechanical motion either linear or rotary. The device primarily comprises of a piston, a cylinder, and valves or ports. A diaphragm or seal is attached to the piston, which is present within the cylinder. It holds the air in the upper part of the cylinder, causing pressurized air to push the diaphragm downward, and thus the piston is also moved. Consequently, the valve stem which is connected to the actuator is operated that controls the air flow in the system.
It is also provided with scraper ring/rod seal that checks debris on the piston from entering the actuator. One of the most important parts of the actuator is piston seal and its design can have a significant impact on the operational efficiency of the device. These devices are mainly responsible for the prime function of any pneumatic system, and perform its specific tasks such as clamping, picking and placing, filling, ejecting, tool changing and more.
Evolved with the time
During the development of pneumatics technology, cylinders were the only actuators available for use. Comprised of a conventional and relatively huge barrel and piston rod, the cylinders were able to provide only a simple linear movement. With the advancement in technology, changing market's requirements and a need for compact but robust and efficient devices, a broad variety of actuators have been developed over the time. These days, the market is flooded with a range of pneumatic actuator such as rotary actuators (both vane and rack and pinion), hollow rod cylinders, single and double acting cylinders, single and twin rod slide units, grippers and compact cylinders, locking head and multi-positional cylinders, and more. These modern products are designed to provide a combination of rotary and linear motion.
Points to consider
With such wide range of actuators available today, it has become difficult to identify equipment for various applications. The sophistication and performance of these devices has also optimized with time. Apart from dependability and minimal maintenance, which are looked for with all contemporary industrial devices, there are some important points which you should consider while selecting a pneumatic actuator for your industrial use. Based on the area of application, you can look for the following specific criteria:
Optimum efficiency
Smooth operation
Low break away force
Least friction between the piston and barrel
Rapid acceleration and deceleration
Accurate and repeatable positioning (mainly in pick and place systems)
