coated glass is, the how to produce out of it? This problem may be simple for experts but for ordinary consumers may still understand the interest, today, and China bottles network Xiaobian go with a brief look at. Production of glass comprises: batching, melting, forming, annealing step. Were introduced as follows:
1. Ingredients, in accordance with the the designed feed side single, after the weighing of the various raw materials were mixed in a blender uniform. The main raw material of glass: quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, and boric acid.
2. Melting, with good raw material heated at high temperatures to form a uniform bubble-free liquid glass. This is a very complex physical and chemical reaction process. The melting of the glass melting kiln. Furnace, there are two main types: one is a crucible furnace, glass frit Sheng in the crucible and heated on the outside of the crucible. Small crucible furnace crucible put a large up to 20 crucible. The crucible furnace clearance production, only optical glass and color glass crucible kiln production. Another pool kiln the frit melting in the kiln pool, open flame heating the upper part of the glass level. Most of the melting temperature of the glass in 1300 ~ 1600 ゜ C. Flame heating, heating a small amount of current, known as the melting furnace. Now, the tank furnace continuous production, small furnaces can be several meters can be large enough to more than 400 meters.
3. Forming good melting the molten glass into a solid product having a fixed shape. Forming must be carried out, within a certain temperature range, which is a cooling process, the glass into the first by a viscous liquid plasticizer state and then transferred into a brittle solid state. The molding method can be divided into manual molding and mechanical forming two categories.
A. Artificial shape. There are (1) blowing, with a nickel-chromium alloy blowpipe to pick a group of glass in the mold edge turn while blowing. Mainly used for forming the glass bulb, bottle, ball (program spectacle lenses). (2) drawing, blown vesicles, other workers stick with the top plate, while blowing two side pull mainly used to manufacture glass tube or rod. (3) suppression, pick a mass of glass, cut with scissors to make it fall into the die, and then punch a pressure. Mainly used for forming cups, plates and so on. (4) freeform and pick material directly with the pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools made crafts.
B. Mechanical forming. Because artificial forming a labor-intensive, high temperature, poor conditions, in addition to free-form, most have been mechanical forming replaced. Mechanical forming in addition to repression, blown, drawn, as well as (1) rolling method, used in the production of thick plate glass, cut glass, clip metal wire glass. (2) casting method, the production of optical glass. (3) centrifugal casting method for manufacturing large-diameter glass tube, utensils and large capacity 11:50. Is this the glass melt is injected into the high-speed rotation of the mold, the glass close to the mold wall due to the centrifugal force, the rotating proceed until the glass hardening. (4) sintering method for the production of foam glass. It is added in the glass powder, a foaming agent, heating a metal mold in a covered glass in many closed bubbles formed in the heating process, this is a good thermal insulation, soundproofing material. In addition, the flat glass forming vertical cited on the law, the Rafah and float. Float glass stream is floating on the molten metal (tin) is formed on the surface of the plate glass method, its main advantage is the high quality of the glass (flat and smooth), the pulling speed and large output.
4. Annealing, double glazed glass units in the molding this over-into a Are subjected to in a fierce temperature change and the change in shape of from, this change in the the the thermal stresses is comments available for in the glass. This thermal stress will reduce the strength and thermal stability of the glass article. If the direct cooling, it may be provided in the cooling process or after storage, transport and use their own the rupture (commonly known as a cold glass Crit). In order to eliminate the phenomenon of cold Crit, glassware must be annealed after forming. Annealing insulation or slow cooling for a period of time in order to eliminate or reduce the thermal stress in the glass to allow the value is within a certain temperature range.
In addition, the sound proof glass in In order to to was increase in to its strength, Availability carried out the Stiffening of Processing. Include: physical stiffening (hardening) for thicker glass, desktop glass, windshields, etc.; stiffening and chemical (ion exchange), used to watch the windshield glass, Aero Glass. Just the principle is the compressive stress is generated in the glass surface layer, in order to increase its strength.
