An osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) containing a forward-osmosis membrane, is hydraulically coupled with a microbial desalination cell (MDC) with ion-exchange membranes, for greatly improved desalination efficiency. It also achieves more ...
Tags: Microbial Fuel Cell, Cell, Electrical, Electronics
A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is used to soften hard water. The MDC achieved more than 90% removal of hardness from several hard water samples, and also effectively removed four heavy metals from a synthetic water sample. Microbial ...
Tags: microbial desalination cell, hard water, synthetic water management